共用题干 第一篇

Pushbike Danger

Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure一or even kill一children if they fall onto the
ends of the handlebars（车把）.So a team of engineers is redesigning it to make it safer.
Kristy Arbogast,a bioengineer at the Children"s Hospital of Philadelphia in
Pennsylvania,began the project with her colleagues.The cases they reviewed about
serious abdominal（腹部的）injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than
a third were caused by bicycle accidents."The task was to identify how the injuries occurred
and come up with some countermeasures."she says.
By interviewing the children and their parents,Arbogast and her team were able to
reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common cause for serious injuries.They
discovered that most cases occur when children hit an obstacle at slow speed,causing
them to topple（摇摆）over. To maintain their balance the children turn the handlebars
through 90 degrees一but their momentum（冲力）forces them into the end of the
handlebars.The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground,
pushing it into their abdomen（腹部）.
The solution the group came up with is a handgrip（握柄）fitted with a spring and
damping（减速）system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted
（传递）through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device,
which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike."But our task has been one of
education because up until now,bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem."
says Arbogast. How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents?